{"id":44844,"date":"2025-10-21T18:11:14","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T23:11:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.und.edu\/und-today\/?p=44844"},"modified":"2025-10-21T18:11:14","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T23:11:14","slug":"the-many-health-benefits-of-antioxidants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.und.edu\/und-today\/2025\/10\/the-many-health-benefits-of-antioxidants\/","title":{"rendered":"The many health benefits of antioxidants"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"theconversation-article-body\">\n<p><strong>Antioxidants obtained from fresh, whole foods are most beneficial, writes UND scholar Nathaniel Johnson in The Conversation<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_37971\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-37971\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-37971\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.und.edu\/und-today\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/09\/240910-mediteraneandiet.web_.jpg\" alt=\"Array of foods on table\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.und.edu\/und-today\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/09\/240910-mediteraneandiet.web_.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.und.edu\/und-today\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/09\/240910-mediteraneandiet.web_-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.und.edu\/und-today\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/09\/240910-mediteraneandiet.web_-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-37971\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eating a variety of fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains and nuts, can boost antioxidant levels. DIETA MEDITERRANEA ITALIA&#8221; by G.steph.rocket is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Editor\u2019s note:<\/strong>\u00a0<em>On Oct. 17,<\/em>\u00a0<em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<\/em><em>published an article by <a href=\"https:\/\/campus.und.edu\/directory\/nathaniel.johnson.4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Nathaniel Johnson<\/strong><\/a>, assistant professor of <a href=\"https:\/\/cnpd.und.edu\/admissions-academics\/nutrition-dietetics\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Nutrition &amp; Dietetics<\/strong><\/a> at UND.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"\"><i>The article is below and can be read in its original form on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/antioxidants-help-stave-off-a-host-of-health-problems-but-figuring-out-how-much-youre-getting-can-be-tricky-256974\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>The Conversation\u2019s website<\/strong><\/a>.\u00a0<em>As of Oct. 21, the article had been read more than 5,200 times, including by readers in Ireland, Canada, South Africa, The United Kingdom and Australia, as well as the United States.<\/em><\/i><\/p>\n<p><em>The Conversation is a nonprofit\u00a0<em class=\"\">media resource that publishes \u201cexplanatory journalism\u201d stories by university scholars and makes those stories available for free and immediate republicatio<\/em>n.\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-north-dakota-1722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A complete list of all articles authored by UND scholars<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0can be found on The Conversation\u2019s website.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>UND faculty members and graduate students who\u2019d like more information on writing for The Conversation are invited to read\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.und.edu\/und-today\/2022\/09\/introducing-the-conversation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Introducing The Conversation,<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0a story that first appeared in UND Today in 2022. An additional story from 2023,\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.und.edu\/und-today\/2023\/07\/more-than-340000-readers-worldwide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cMore than 340,000 readers worldwide,\u201d<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0noted that UND faculty members who\u2019ve written for The Conversation report \u201coutstanding\u201d experiences and say they\u2019d recommend without hesitation that their colleagues become Conversation authors.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Questions? Please contact Tom Dennis, UND associate director of communications, at\u00a0<strong><a href=\"mailto:tom.dennis@und.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tom.dennis@und.edu<\/a>,<\/strong>\u00a0or Adam Kurtz, UND strategic communication editor, at\u00a0<strong><a href=\"mailto:adam.kurtz.1@UND.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">adam.kurtz.1@UND.edu<\/a>.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">****<\/p>\n<p><strong>By Nathaniel Johnson<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_35348\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-35348\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-35348 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.und.edu\/und-today\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/220818-nathaniel-johnson.jpg\" alt=\"Nathaniel Johnson\" width=\"150\" height=\"224\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-35348\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nathaniel Johnson<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>When it comes to describing what an antioxidant is, it\u2019s all in the name: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2009.00897.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Antioxidants counter oxidants<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>And that\u2019s a good thing. Oxidants can damage the structure and function of the chemicals in your body critical to life \u2013 like the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/functions-of-protein#TOC_TITLE_HDR_2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proteins<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/body\/24425-lipids\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lipids<\/a> within your cells, and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2020.00694\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">your DNA, which stores genetic information<\/a>. A special class of oxidants, free radicals, are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/318652#how-do-free-radicals-damage-the-body\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">even more reactive and dangerous<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>As an <a href=\"https:\/\/campus.und.edu\/directory\/nathaniel.johnson.4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">assistant professor of nutrition<\/a>, I\u2019ve studied the long-standing research showing how the imbalances in antioxidants and oxidants lead to <a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/articles\/oxidative-stress\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oxidative stress<\/a>, which is <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT_862_16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">linked to cancer<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb45080420\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diabetes<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox9090864\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cardiovascular disease<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-2009-1041\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease<\/a>. In fact, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11030552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a primary cause of aging<\/a> is the damage accumulated across of a lifetime of oxidative stress.<\/p>\n<p>Simply put: To help prevent oxidative stress, people need to eat foods with antioxidants and limit their exposure to oxidants, particularly free radicals.<\/p>\n<h2>The research: Food, not supplements<\/h2>\n<p>There\u2019s no way for any of us to avoid some oxidative stress. Just metabolism \u2013 the <a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/body\/21893-metabolism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">processes in your body<\/a> that keep you alive, such as breathing, digestion and maintaining body temperature \u2013 are a <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.aac4765\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">source of oxidants and free radicals<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/symptoms\/21660-inflammation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Inflammation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101621\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pollution<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OTT.S94374\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">radiation<\/a> are other sources.<\/p>\n<p>As a result, everyone needs antioxidants. There are many different types: <a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/articles\/21532-enzymes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">enzymes<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/definitions\/mineralsdefinitions.html#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">minerals<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/ency\/article\/002399.htm#:%7E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vitamins<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uclahealth.org\/news\/article\/what-are-phytochemicals-and-why-should-you-eat-more-them\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">phytochemicals<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Two types of phytochemicals deserve special mention: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/carotenoids\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">carotenoids<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/what-are-flavonoids-everything-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flavonoids<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/carotenoids\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carotenoids<\/a> are pigments, with the colors yellow, orange and red; they contain the antioxidants <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/252758\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">beta-carotene<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/diet\/health-benefits-lycopene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lycopene<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.urmc.rochester.edu\/encyclopedia\/content?contenttypeid=19&amp;contentid=Lutein#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lutein<\/a>. Some <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/what-are-flavonoids-everything-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flavonoids<\/a>, called <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16546628.2017.1361779\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anthocyanins<\/a>, are pigments that give foods a blue, red or purple color.<\/p>\n<p>Although your body <a href=\"https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/staying-healthy\/understanding-antioxidants#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">produces some of these antioxidants<\/a>, you can get them from the foods you eat, and they\u2019re better for you than supplements.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, researchers found that antioxidant supplements <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2008.600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">did not reduce deaths<\/a>, and some supplements in excessive amounts <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20471\/acc.2019.58.04.20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contribute to oxidative stress<\/a>, and may even <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.297.8.842\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">increase the risk of dying<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>It should be pointed out that in <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.297.8.842\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">most of these studies<\/a>, only one or two antioxidants were given, and often in amounts far greater than the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK56068\/table\/summarytables.t2\/?report=objectonly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recommended daily value<\/a>. One study, for example, gave participants only vitamin A, and at an amount <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/21.6.435\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 60 times an adult\u2019s recommended intake<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">A synopsis of the study that measured the antioxidant content of more than 3,000 foods.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Foods rich in antioxidants<\/h2>\n<p>In contrast, increased antioxidant intake from whole foods is related to <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-21748-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decreased risk of death<\/a>. And although antioxidant supplementation <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/62.6.1427S\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">didn\u2019t reduce cancer rates in smokers<\/a>, the antioxidants <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwh173\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in whole foods did<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>But measuring antioxidants in foods is complicated. Extensive <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22073380\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">laboratory testing is required<\/a>, and too many foods exist to test them all anyway. Even individual food items that are the same exact variety of food \u2013 such as two Gala apples \u2013 can have different amounts of antioxidants. Where the food <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5142\/jgr.2013.37.355\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was grown and harvested<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fochx.2022.100334\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">how it was processed<\/a> and how it was stored during <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transportation and while in the supermarket<\/a> are factors. The variety of the food also matters \u2013 the many different types of apples, for instance, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf047832r\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">can have different amounts of antioxidants<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Nonetheless, in 2018, researchers quantified the antioxidant content <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2891-9-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">of more than 3,100 foods<\/a> \u2013 the first antioxidant database. Each food\u2019s antioxidant capacity was determined by the amount of oxidants neutralized by a given amount of food. The researchers measured this capacity in millimoles per 100 grams, or about 4 ounces.<\/p>\n<p>For fruits easily found in the grocery store, the database shows blueberries have the most antioxidants \u2013 just over 9 millimoles per 4 ounces. The same serving of pomegranates and blackberries each have about 6.5 millimoles.<\/p>\n<p>For common vegetables, cooked artichoke has 4.54 millimoles per 4 ounces; red kale, 4.09 millimoles; cooked red cabbage, 2.15; and orange bell pepper, 1.94.<\/p>\n<p>Coffee has 2.5 millimoles per 4 ounces; green tea has 1.5; whole walnuts, just over 13; whole pecans, about 9.7; and sunflower seeds, just over 5. Herbs and spices <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox6030070\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have a lot<\/a>: clove has 465 millimoles per 4 ounces; rosemary has 67; and thyme, about 64. But keep in mind that those enormous numbers are based on a quarter-pound. Still, just a normal sprinkle <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox6030070\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">packs a powerful nutritional punch<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Other tips<\/h2>\n<p>Other ways to choose antioxidant-rich foods: Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/truth-in-labeling-act-would-heighten-the-warning-for-shoppers-looking-to-cut-sugar-salt-and-saturated-fat-intake-233856\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nutrition facts label<\/a> and look for antioxidant vitamins and minerals \u2013 vitamins A, C, E, D, B2, B3 and B9, and the minerals selenium, zinc and manganese.<\/p>\n<p>Just know the label has a drawback. Food producers and manufacturers are not required to list every nutrient of the food on the label. In fact, the only vitamins and minerals <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/nutrition-facts-label\/whats-nutrition-facts-label\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">required by law<\/a> are sodium, potassium, calcium, iron and vitamin D.<\/p>\n<p>Also, focus on <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crfs.2019.11.001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eating the rainbow<\/a>. Colorful foods are often higher in antioxidants, like <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2006.01.014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blue corn<\/a>. Many darker foods are rich in antioxidants, too, like <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.11.109\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dark chocolate<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2021.790765\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">black barley<\/a> and dark leafy vegetables, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox9020097\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">such as kale and Swiss chard<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Although heat can degrade oxidants, that mostly occurs during the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">storage and transportation of the food<\/a>. In some cases, cooking may increase the food\u2019s antioxidant capacity, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3746\/pnf.2017.22.3.216\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as with leafy green vegetables<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Keep in mind that while blueberries, red kale and pecans are great, their antioxidant profile will be different than that of other fruits, vegetables and nuts. That\u2019s why diversity is the key: To increase the power of antioxidants, choose a variety of fresh, flavorful, colorful and, ideally, local foods.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. 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More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Antioxidants obtained from fresh, whole foods are most beneficial, writes UND scholar Nathaniel Johnson in The Conversation<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":37971,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[23,1128],"class_list":["post-44844","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-around-und","tag-nursing","tag-service"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The many health benefits of antioxidants - UND Today<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Antioxidants obtained from fresh, whole foods are most beneficial, writes UND scholar Nathaniel Johnson in The Conversation\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.und.edu\/und-today\/2025\/10\/the-many-health-benefits-of-antioxidants\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The many health benefits of antioxidants - UND Today\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Antioxidants obtained from fresh, whole foods are most beneficial, writes UND scholar Nathaniel Johnson in The Conversation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.und.edu\/und-today\/2025\/10\/the-many-health-benefits-of-antioxidants\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"UND Today\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-10-21T23:11:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.und.edu\/und-today\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/09\/240910-mediteraneandiet.web_.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"683\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"UND Today\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"UND Today\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.und.edu\\\/und-today\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/the-many-health-benefits-of-antioxidants\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.und.edu\\\/und-today\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/the-many-health-benefits-of-antioxidants\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"UND Today\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.und.edu\\\/und-today\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6d75904e56fd4224cbe50dab6857dc00\"},\"headline\":\"The many health benefits of antioxidants\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-21T23:11:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.und.edu\\\/und-today\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/the-many-health-benefits-of-antioxidants\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1132,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.und.edu\\\/und-today\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/the-many-health-benefits-of-antioxidants\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.und.edu\\\/und-today\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/7\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/240910-mediteraneandiet.web_.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"College of Nursing &amp; 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